What is the AMT?

The AMT is essentially a separate federal income tax system with its own tax rates, and its own set of rules governing the recognition and timing of income and expenses. If you're subject to the AMT, you have to calculate your taxes twice–once under the regular tax system and again under the AMT system. If your income tax liability under the AMT is greater than your liability under the regular tax system, the difference is reported as an additional tax on your federal income tax return. If you're subject to the AMT in one year, you may be entitled to a credit that can be applied against regular tax liability in future years.

How do you know if you're subject to the AMT?

Part of the problem with the AMT is that, without doing some calculations, there's no easy way to determine whether or not you're subject to the tax. Key AMT "triggers" include the number of personal exemptions you claim, your miscellaneous itemized deductions, and your state and local tax deductions. So, for example, if you have a large family and live in a high-tax state, there's a good possibility you might have to contend with the AMT. IRS Form 1040 instructions include a worksheet that may help you determine whether you're subject to the AMT (an electronic version of this worksheet is also available on the IRS website), but you might need to complete IRS Form 6251 to know for sure.

Common AMT adjustments

It's no easy task to calculate the AMT, in part because of the number and seemingly disparate nature of the adjustments that need to be made. Here are some of the more common AMT adjustments:

• Standard deduction and personal exemptions: The federal standard deduction, generally available under the regular tax system if you don't itemize deductions, is not allowed for purposes of calculating the AMT. Nor can you take a deduction for personal exemptions.

• Itemized deductions: Under the AMT calculation, no deduction is allowed for state and local taxes paid, or for certain miscellaneous itemized deductions. Your deduction for medical expenses may also be reduced, and you can only deduct qualifying residence interest (e.g., mortgage or home equity loan interest) to the extent the loan proceeds are used to purchase, construct, or improve a principal residence.

• Exercise of incentive stock options (ISOs): Under the regular tax system, tax is generally deferred until you sell the acquired stock. But for AMT purposes, when you exercise an ISO, income is generally recognized to the extent that the fair market value of the acquired shares exceeds the option price. This means that a significant ISO exercise in a year can trigger AMT liability. If ISOs are exercised and sold in the same year, however, no AMT adjustment is needed, since any income would be recognized for regular tax purposes as well.

• Depreciation: If you're depreciating assets (for example, if you're a sole proprietor and own an asset for business use), you'll have to calculate depreciation twice–once under regular income tax rules and once under AMT rules.

AMT exemption amounts

While the AMT takes away personal exemptions and a number of deductions, it provides specific AMT exemptions. The amount of AMT exemption that you're entitled to depends on your filing status.

Your exemption amount, however, begins to phase out once your taxable income exceeds a certain threshold ($150,000 for married individuals filing jointly, $112,500 for single individuals, and $75,000 for married individuals filing separately).

AMT rates

Under the AMT, the first $175,000 of your taxable income is taxed at a rate of 26%. (If your filing status is married filing separately, the 26% rate applies to your first $87,500 in taxable income.) Taxable income above this amount is taxed at a flat rate of 28%.

The lower maximum tax rates that apply to long-term capital gain and qualifying dividends apply to the AMT calculation as well. So, even under AMT rules, a maximum rate of 15% (0% for individuals in the lower two tax brackets) applies. However, long-term capital gain and qualifying dividends are included when you determine your taxable income under the AMT system. That means large capital gains and qualifying dividends can push you into the phase-out range for AMT exemptions, and can indirectly increase AMT exposure.

Summing up

Owing AMT isn't the end of the world, but it can be a very unpleasant surprise. It also turns a number of traditional tax planning strategies (e.g., accelerating deductions) on their heads, so it's a good idea to factor in the AMT before the end of the year, while there's still time to plan.

If you think you might be subject to the AMT, it may be worth sitting down to discuss your situation with a tax professional.

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The act of giving away your property, either during life or at death, will probably be subject to one or more of several types of taxes (collectively referred to here as estate taxes), either on the federal level, state level, or both. These tax liabilities may be the largest potential expenses you or your estate may have to pay; federal estate tax alone may reach as high as 45 percent of your estate if you die in 2009. This also means that property you intend to go to your loved ones or others when you die may go instead to the IRS or to your state. Therefore, understanding how these taxes can be minimized is vital if you want to preserve your estate for others.

What are estate taxes?

Estate taxes are actually transfer taxes. Transfer taxes are imposed when you give your property to someone else. This can be done during life (this kind of transfer is called a gift) or at death (this kind of transfer is called a bequest or legacy if you leave a will, and intestate succession if you don’t leave a will). There are five transfer taxes that may affect your estate: (1) state gift tax, (2) state death taxes, (3) state generation-skipping transfer tax (GSTT), (4) the federal gift and estate tax, and (5) the federal GSTT.

State gift tax
Currently, Connecticut, Louisiana, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Puerto Rico impose a gift tax. A gift is a transfer of property you (the donor) make during your lifetime. The person or organization you give to is called the donee. When you make a gift, it is in exchange for nothing or in exchange for property of lesser value (in other words, it is not a bona fide sale). Generally, gifts must be reported, and gift tax paid in the year following the year in which the gift is made (e.g., gift tax on a gift made in 2009 would be due in 2010). If your state imposes a gift tax and you intend to make lifetime gifts, you should contact your state’s department of revenue to find out what gifts need to be reported, how to compute the gift tax, and when and how to file a gift tax return.

State death taxes
State death taxes are imposed on property distributed after your death. You should be especially aware of state death taxes because they may affect even the smallest estates. There are three types of state death taxes: inheritance tax, estate tax, and credit estate tax (commonly referred to as a sponge tax or pickup tax). Every state imposes at least one type.

State generation-skipping transfer tax (GSTT)
Currently, some states impose a GSTT. The GSTT is imposed on property transferred to a family member who is two or more generations below you (e.g., a grandchild or great-nephew). You can contact your state’s department of revenue to find out what transfers may be subject to state GSTT, and when and how to file a return.

Federal gift and estate tax
Generally speaking, the federal gift and estate tax is imposed on property transferred to others either while you are living or at the time of your death. Unlike the individual states which impose at least one type of death tax, and some of which impose a separate gift tax, the federal tax system is unified. In other words, the IRS adds lifetime and deathtime transfers and treats them the same. This is how the unified tax system works:
Before 1976, the federal tax system worked much like that of the states. Gifts made during life (taxable gifts) were reported, and any gift tax owed was paid on an annual basis. After death, estate tax was imposed only on property owned at death (gross taxable estate). Since 1976, generally, taxable gifts are still reported, and any gift tax owed is paid annually (generally, you must file a gift tax return and pay gift tax due, if any, by April 15 of the year following the year in which you make a taxable gift). But upon death, all taxable gifts are added to your gross taxable estate for estate tax calculation purposes, even though a gift tax return may already be filed and gift tax paid (gift tax paid is deducted from the estate tax owed). The IRS unified the gift tax and estate tax systems so that: (1) you can’t avoid estate tax by giving your wealth away before you die, and (2) you pay tax on the cumulative amount of wealth you give away (this pushes your estate into a higher tax bracket).

The federal generation-skipping transfer tax (GSTT)
Like the state-imposed GSTT, the federal GSTT is a tax imposed on property you transfer to a family member who is two or more generations below you (e.g., a grandchild or great-nephew). The IRS wants to levy a tax on property as it is passed from generation to generation at each and every level. The purpose of the GSTT is to keep families from avoiding estate tax by skipping an intermediate generation. A flat tax rate equal to the highest estate tax rate is imposed on every generation-skipping transfer you make over a certain lifetime amount ($3.5 million in 2009).
Tip: The GSTT rate is the same as the maximum estate tax rate, and the GSTT exemption is the same amount as the estate tax applicable exclusion amount.
You can minimize estate taxes by: (1) taking advantage of certain allowable tax exclusions, deductions, and credits, (2) using an estate freeze technique, or (3) employing post-mortem planning.

Exclusions, deductions, and credits
Under the federal tax system, individuals are generally allowed to make gifts of up to $13,000 (2009 figure, up from $12,000 in 2008) per donee each year gift tax free under the annual gift tax exclusion.
In addition, individuals are allowed to exempt a certain amount of property from the gift and estate tax.
Further, transfers of property between U.S. citizen spouses are fully deductible, as are transfers of property to qualified charitable organizations.
There are many exclusions, deductions, and credits that if effectively used can minimize estate taxes. You need to understand what these exclusions, deductions, and credits are, and how they work in order to take full advantage of them.
Tip: States also have their own exclusions, deductions, and credits, although they may not be the same as the federal system.

Estate freeze
An estate freeze is any planning device that allows you to freeze the present value of your estate and shift any future growth (or potential growth) to your successors.
Example(s): You give land valued at $100,000 to your children. Twenty-five years later, you die. The land is valued at $500,000 on the date of your death, but only $100,000 is included in your taxable estate because the value of the land froze on the date you gave it to your children.
There are many ways you can freeze the value of property. Estate freezing techniques range from relatively simple (e.g., installment sale or private annuity) to the more complex (e.g., gift- or sale-leaseback). You need to know what these techniques are and how they are used in order to know which, if any, is best for you.
Tip: This generally works for state taxes also.

Post-mortem planning
There are many post-mortem (i.e., "after death") techniques that can help keep the value of your property as low as possible in order to minimize federal estate taxes. There are 10 post-mortem techniques in particular that you should know about. Even though these techniques are implemented after your death, you should understand each of them now because if you believe your estate might benefit from them, there may be things you need to do now to ensure that your estate will qualify for these elections after your death.

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Today we see news that Social Security will be increasing by approximately 5.8%. While this might seem like a boom to those who are retired it will be a grim result. On average those who are on retirement only have 50% – 60% of their annual expenses covered by Social Security. As an example if you have a monthly expense of $3,000 then Social Security may be paying $1,000 of this. If you get on average $63.00 increase (that by the way will be the average increase) it really only increases the total income by 2.1%. Considering that inflation has gone up between 6% to 9% (depending on who you ask) it wont really make a dent. The problem is that most of the expense dynamics are out of whack. As an example: Property taxes have gone up by close to the same rate as the real estate went up from 2003 – 2006. Now real estate has dropped off by about 40% in value the taxing authorities should have dropped the tax rate by the same – right? Not even close, most taxing authorities have used their power to actually increase or keep the actual tax paid the same. Here is an example, In Sarasota, Florida there is an office building that was originally purchased for $850,000. The tax cost per year was $12,500 in 2006. Here it is 2008 and the tax cost is still $12,500 yet the value of the building is only $450,000. That is real value – meaning that it would have to drop to that to be able to sell the building. The challenge is that the tax appraisers office uses comparables. This means that they look at all the building that have sold recently to determine the fair market value. What happens in a declining market – buildings don’t sell. IN this example the last building that could be used as a comparable was sold in 2006. This means that the tax rate is based on the highest sold building which was two years ago. Here is my suggestion for a sound way of making money and inflation proofing your retirement income. Start your own government and tax the citizens under this method.

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In the 90s many mutual insurance companies decided that they would go public and they went through the effort to sell their stock to the public. When they demutualized ( a mutual company is a company that is mutually owned by their policy holders) they not only sold stock to the public but the policy owners all got stock for owning policies.

You may have been one of the lucky (or so you thought) few that received notice that you were going to get a stock distribution from owning that policy until you also received a bill for taxes on the entire amount of stock distributed. As an example if you owned a policy with John Hancock and you received $100,000 in stock you would have been taxed on the entire $100,000.

Mr. Ulrich thought this was a rip off (like all the other financial planners out there) but he had the guts and staying power to fight the mighty IRS and he won.  His opinion was that if you are a mutual owner of a company you have paid for your policy which would constitute a cost basis for the stock. You are only getting an exchange for the premiums you paid. This means that if you take the first example of getting the $100,000 you would only pay tax if the $100,000 increased to $105,000. Then you would only pay tax on the increase of the $5,000.

Currently if you have ever received a distribution check from a company that has demutualized then you might be entitled to a refund. We are reviewing this for clients and people that contact us. The best way you can find out if you might be eligible for a refund is to send us an email to taxrefund@kenhimmler.com   Please let us know the company you received stock from, when and the amount. If we feel you might be eligible then we will contact you for more information. Please include your name and your mailing address and phone number in the email you send us.

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