Ken Himmler.com

Owning a home outright is a dream that many Americans share. Having a mortgage can be a huge burden, and paying it off may be the first item on your financial to-do list. But competing with the desire to own your home free and clear is your need to invest for retirement, your child’s college education, or some other goal. Putting extra cash toward one of these goals may mean sacrificing another. So how do you choose?

Is 62 your lucky number? If you’re eligible, that’s the earliest age you can start receiving Social Security retirement benefits. If you decide to start collecting benefits before your full retirement age (which ranges from 65 to 67, depending on the year you were born), you’ll be in good company. According to the Social Security Administration (SSA), approximately 73% of Americans elect to receive their Social Security benefits early. (Source: SSA Annual Statistical Supplement, June 2007)

Although collecting early retirement benefits makes sense for many people, there’s a major drawback to consider: if you start collecting benefits early, your monthly retirement benefit will be permanently reduced. So before you put down the tools of your trade and pick up your first Social Security check, there are some factors you’ll need to weigh before deciding whether to start collecting benefits early.

What will your retirement benefit be?

The exact amount of your Social Security retirement benefit is based on the number of years you’ve been working and the amount you’ve earned. Your benefit is calculated using a formula that takes into account your 35 highest earnings years. If you earned little or nothing in several of those years (if you left the workforce to raise a family, for instance), it may be to your advantage to work as long as possible, because you’ll have the opportunity to replace a year of lower earnings with a higher one, potentially resulting in a higher retirement benefit.

Each year, you’ll receive a Social Security Statement from the SSA that summarizes your earnings history, and estimates the benefits you may receive based on those earnings. If you begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62, each monthly benefit check will be 20% to 30% less than it would be at full retirement age. The exact amount of the reduction will depend on the year you were born. (Conversely, you can get a higher payout by delaying retirement past your full retirement age–the government increases your payout every month that you delay retirement, up to age 70.)

However, even though your monthly benefit will be 20% to 30% less if you begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; you might receive the same or more total lifetime Social Security benefits as you would have had you waited until full retirement age to start collecting benefits. That’s because even though you’ll receive less money per month, you might receive more benefit checks.

The following chart shows how much an estimated $1,000 monthly benefit at full retirement age would be worth if you started taking a reduced benefit at age 62.

Birth Year Full Retirement Age Benefit
1937 and earlier 65 years $800
1938 65 years, 2 months $791
1939 65 years, 4 months $783
1940 65 years, 6 months $775
1941 65 years, 8 months $766
1942 65 years, 10 months $758
1943-1954 66 years $750
1955 66 years, 2 months $741
1956 66 years, 4 months $733
1957 66 years, 6 months $725
1958 66 years, 8 months $716
1959 66 years, 10 months $708
1960 and later 67 years $700
                                           Source: Social Security Administration

Have you thought about your longevity?

Is it better to take reduced benefits at age 62 or full benefits later? The answer depends, in part, on how long you live. If you live longer than your "break-even age," the overall value of your retirement benefits taken at full retirement age will begin to outweigh the value of reduced benefits taken at age 62.
You’ll generally reach your break-even age about 12 years from your full retirement age. For example, if your full retirement age is 66, you should reach your break-even age at 78. If you live past this age, you’ll end up with higher total lifetime benefits by waiting until full retirement age to start collecting; otherwise, collecting benefits at age 62 may be better. The SSA has a break-even calculator on its website if you want to learn more.
Of course, no one can predict exactly how long they’ll live. But by taking into account your current health, diet, exercise level, access to quality medical care, and family health history, you might be able to make a reasonable assumption.

How much income will you need?

Another important piece of the puzzle is to look at how much retirement income you’ll need, based partly on an estimate of your retirement expenses. If there is a large gap between your projected expenses and your anticipated income, waiting a few years to retire and start collecting Social Security benefits may improve your financial outlook. If you continue to work and wait until your full retirement age to start collecting benefits, your Social Security monthly benefit will be larger. What’s more, the longer you stay in the workforce, the greater the amount of money you will earn and have available to put into your overall retirement savings. Another plus is that Social Security’s annual cost-of-living increases are calculated using your initial year’s benefits as a base–the higher the base, the greater your annual increase.

Do you plan on working after age 62?

Another key factor in your decision is whether or not you plan to continue working after you start collecting Social Security benefits at age 62. That’s because income you earn before full retirement age may reduce your Social Security retirement benefit. Specifically, if you are under full retirement age for the entire year, $1 in benefits will be withheld for every $2 you earn over the annual earnings limit ($13,560 in 2008). Example: You start collecting Social Security benefits at age 62. You continue working, and your job pays $30,000 in 2008. Your annual benefit would be reduced by $8,220 ($30,000 minus $13,560, divided by 2).

A higher earnings limit applies in the year you reach full retirement age, and the calculation is different too–$1 in benefits is withheld for every $3 you earn over $36,120 (in 2008). Once you reach full retirement age, you don’t need to worry about your earnings. You can earn as much as you want without affecting your Social Security benefit. Note: If your monthly benefit is reduced in the short term due to your earnings, you’ll receive a higher monthly benefit later. That’s because the SSA recalculates your benefit when you reach full retirement age, and omits the months in which your benefit was reduced.

Are you eligible for retiree health benefits?
Even if you start collecting Social Security benefits at age 62, keep in mind that you still won’t be eligible for Medicare until you reach age 65. So unless you’re eligible for retiree health benefits through your former employer or your spouse’s health plan at work, you’ll probably want to pay for a private health policy until Medicare kicks in. In addition to the factors discussed here, other personal considerations may influence whether you start collecting Social Security benefits at age 62. Is your spouse already retired or planning to retire early too? Do you plan on traveling, volunteering, going back to school, starting your own business, pursuing hobbies, or moving to a new location? Do you have grandchildren or elderly parents whom you want to help take care of? Every person’s situation is different.
For more information: The nuances of Social Security can be complex. For more information about Social Security benefits, visit the Social Security Administration website at www.ssa.gov, or call (800) 772-1213 to speak with a representative. You may also call or visit your local Social Security office.


When it comes time to collect your Social Security benefits, the longer you wait the more you will collect. Of course  you can start collecting Social Security anytime after age 62, but for each year you wait, your payments will increase by 7% or 8%.

"Payments increase about 7% for every year between early retirement age – 62 – and your full retirement age. So if your full retirement age is 65, your payments will increase 7% for each year between 62 and 65, and then an additional 8% for each year between 65 and 70," says Laurence Kotlikoff, a professor of economics at Boston University and co-author of Spend ‘Til the End.

For those who can afford it, waiting to tap into Social Security benefits is definitely a more lucrative bet. However, some people are taking advantage of a provision that allows them to earn even more from their Social Security benefits. Called a do-over, the recipient taps into their benefits at age 62 and invests the funds in a safe investment that earns a decent rate of return for several years, then they pay the money back and pocket the interest earned.

Do-overs were included in the Social Security Handbook to allow those who jumped the gun and started taking benefits at age 62 to correct their mistake. All they have to do is file IRS form 521, pay the benefits they’ve already received back – in full, but with no interest, penalty, or adjustment for inflation – and start taking the larger benefit as if they had waited all along.

Over the last few years, do-overs have become more well known as an investment strategy of sorts. But now the Social Security Administration wants to put a stop to the practice.

"Social Security has sent a proposed regulation to OMB [the Office of Management and Budget] for review that would establish a 12-month time limit for the withdrawal of a retirement benefit application. The proposed regulation would also permit only one withdrawal per lifetime," explains Mark Lassiter, a Social Security Administration spokesperson.

In other words, you’ll now have only one year to change your mind and return your benefits, which makes it less of a strategy and more of a way to correct your mistake. One can assume that was the intention of form 521 all along.

Read more on this important subject in recent AOL Daily Finance article here: http://www.dailyfinance.com/story/social-security-administration-seeks-to-put-an-end-to-do-overs/19613383/

An executor is a personal representative who acts for you after your death. You nominate or designate an executor in your will to settle your estate. The person chosen will act in your place to make decisions you would have made if you were still alive. The probate court has final approval, but the court will generally confirm your nomination unless there are compelling reasons not to. An executor’s responsibilities typically last from nine months to three years (although, an estate may remain open for several years because of will contests or tax problems). The functions of an executor are varied, but generally your executor:

• Locates and probates your will
• Inventories, collects, and sells (if necessary) your assets
• Pays legitimate creditor claims
• Pays any taxes owed by your estate
• Distributes any remaining assets to your beneficiaries

Tip: Your executor is entitled to a fee from your estate for services rendered. The fee can be waived (usually, a close family member will waive the fee).

  
What are the duties of an executor?

Your executor acts in a fiduciary capacity. This means that he or she must exercise a high degree of care at all times. Additionally, your executor is under court supervision, subject to its control and approval.
Some states require executors to post a bond, which is later paid back to the executor from the estate (though you may be able to waive this requirement through a will provision). In addition, your executor is personally responsible for ensuring that all the proper tax returns are filed and that any estate taxes due are paid. Finally, your executor is accountable to the court and to your beneficiaries on completion of his or her duties.

How do you select an executor?

Your choice of executor is a very important one. Ideally, you want someone you can trust, who has a close relationship to your family, who has some understanding of tax laws, and who has a keen sense of business (especially if you are a business owner).
Typically, spouses are named. Other choices include older children, siblings, or parents. Friends, attorneys, and bank or trust officers are also common. You can name multiple executors to oversee different aspects of your affairs. However, co-executors may result in an increase in paperwork and a slowdown in the probate process. Some of the attributes you should look for in a good executor are:

• Ability to serve
• Willingness to serve
• Competency
• Trustworthiness
• Appreciation of your family’s needs
• Knowledge and experience

Individual versus professional

When choosing an executor, you can name an individual or a professional (e.g., an attorney or a bank trust department) to handle your affairs.
A family member or close friend has knowledge of your affairs and would take a personal interest in the settlement of your estate and the well-being of your beneficiaries. However, he or she may not be the best choice. Serving as an executor is a time consuming and stressful task. Some of the executor’s duties are very demanding: preparing and filing tax returns, obtaining appraisals, making an accurate accounting, and these are things best left to professionals. By naming a professional to manage your affairs, you gain some permanence. A professional executor is unlikely to refuse to serve or to resign. In addition, it may be easier to hold a professional executor financially accountable for mismanagement than a nonprofessional. A professional who makes money from managing estates will have the investment expertise as well as the legal, tax, accounting, and computer abilities to do the job well and efficiently. You also gain some impartiality by having a professional manage your affairs. A professional executor should be more impartial to your beneficiaries or heirs. You also reduce the risk that your executor will make hardship loans to friends. However, by nominating a professional, you lose that personal touch from a friend or a relative who is not managing any other estates.

Technical Note: In general, state laws require that the person who manages your affairs be an adult U.S. citizen. Additionally, your executor cannot be a convicted felon. State laws may also give special powers to your executor, or spell out what your executor can or cannot do. You can also use your will to grant your executor any special powers needed to carry out the instructions in your will.

What if you don’t leave a will?

If you leave no will, if you do not name an executor in your will, or if your executor refuses or fails to serve, the probate court will appoint an administrator (or curator). If this happens, you have no say about who will manage your final affairs. An administrator performs many of the same functions as an executor but has much less power and authority.

What does "coordination with government benefits" mean?

Any good guide to personal financial freedom involves several things.  To make your money grow for you, you need to ensure that you are setting aside money for your personal long-term savings and investments.  This is all well and good in theory, but in practice it can be extremely difficult to make your income work for you in such a way to allow for these long-term savings and investments.  This is one of the reasons why having a budget is essential. 

One of the first things that you do when you set up a budget is divide your income into different categories.  This is where many people who live on a budget run into problems.  There are many budget categories that everybody shares.  Unfortunately, everybody’s needs and the way that they need them can differ vastly from individual to individual.  No one system of budgeting can work for everyone.  For this reason, individuals should never be afraid to create their own budget categories that suit his or her lifestyle.

The key to having a good, balanced budget is to include all of the necessities.  This may sound simple but some of the essentials are easily placed on the back burner in the light of ‘more important things.’ Some of the ‘less important’ necessities include money set aside for recreation and entertainment, clothing, property upkeep, and of course your savings and investments.  No matter what your circumstance is, you should NEVER neglect your retirement savings and investments.

It is your budget and it should work for you.  If you prioritize your money before you get it you will find that it is much easier to take care of the most important things in life.  This is why you should always pay yourself first and dedicate a portion of your money to savings before you do anything else.   Over time the little bit you set aside will add up to true financial freedom and a comfortable retirement. 

Talk to your personal financial retirement planner to find ways to make your budget work for you more effectively.  You’ll be glad you did.
 

As you get closer to retirement age, there are a few details that you need to think about for your post-retirement life.  No doubt there will be various unavoidable expenses in your life that you will need address financially.  You are also likely to have a lifestyle that you would like to continue, and hobbies that you are looking forward to taking up after retirement.  These are the things that you have been saving up for all along.  Now you need to be considering whether or not you are going to have enough money to fulfill your dreams.

The most important thing you need to consider as you get ready to retire is how much post-retirement income you are going to have, and how much you need.  There is no reason you should panic at this point, because if you have been keeping up with your retirement savings and investments you should be right on schedule.  Most people need between 70-80% of their current income to lead a comfortable, healthy retirement that suits their lifestyle.  Your individual needs may demand more or less money depending on a variety of factors in your life.

Because there are several facts that need to be considered, it is often much easier to use a retirement planning calculator to help discern your individual needs and whether or not you will have enough money to retire on time.  One such popular calculator can help, and can helpl provide a rough estimate of your monetary needs post-retirement.

Of course, it should be acknowledged that calculators are always subject to error and cannot account for every situation.  It is always advisable that you address any concerns you have about your retirement situation to your financial advisor or retirement planner.  These highly trained individuals can take into account factors beyond the scope of even the best retirement planning calculator.